أبو جعفر

Hadith.3376 - Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: "When the shares are divided, the right of preemption (shufah) is annulled."

Hadith.4030 - Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) was asked about a man who has dirhams or wealth owed to him by another man, and he invites him to his meal or gives him a gift. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm."

Hadith.3742 - Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: "Bargain with the buyer, for it is more satisfying to the soul. Even if he gives generously, the one who is cheated in buying or selling is neither praiseworthy nor rewarded."

Hadith.4023 - Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said regarding a man who was instructed by a group to buy a camel for them with silver and to charge them extra for deferred payment. He bought the camel for them, and one of them was with him. Imam (as) prohibited him from taking more than the silver amount for the deferred payment.

“I once was sitting with the judge and abu Ja’far (a.s.), was also there, when two men came to him and one of them said, ‘I rented a camel from this man to carry my goods to the mine and I stipulated with him to come to me to the mine on so and so day because that was the market day and I was afraid of missing it. If you will be held up I will reduce the rent for each day that you are held up so and so much amount. He kept me on hold for so and so many days.’ The judge said, ’This is an invalid stipulation. You must pay his rent.’ When the man stood up he came to abu Ja’far (a.s.), who said, ’His stipulation is permissible as long as he does not drop all of the rent.’”

"Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) used to say: If an orchard containing palm trees and other trees is sold for one year, it should not be sold until its fruits have ripened. However, if it is sold for two or three years, then there is no harm in selling it as long as there is some greenery present in it."

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, once said to a man, ‘You and your property belong to your father.’ Abu Ja’far (a.s.), then said, ‘I do not like his spending from the property of his son more than what he needs for his bare necessities; Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, does not love destruction.’”

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a man to whom another person owes a loan and a third person buys the loan from the creditor to collect it from the debtor. The collector demands the debtor for payment; and (what is the Imam’s) judgment in this issue. Abu Ja’far (a.s.), made a pronouncement that said, The debtor can pay to the collector what he (the collector) has paid to the creditor.’”

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who gives one thousand dirham to a man to mix with his assets and use in trade. When he asks for payment, he says that the asset has gone along with an equal amount of assets that belongs to someone else with a great deal of funds of other people. He then asks, ‘What have the others done?’ He replies, ‘They took their assets? Abu Ja‘far, and abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, both have said, ‘He can ask him (the trader) for his assets, who can then ask them for whatever (extra) they have taken?”

Whoever gains wealth from four [sources], it will not be accepted in four [situations]: whoever gains wealth from (1) embezzlement, (2) usury, (3) betrayal, and (4) thievery, it will not be accepted in: (1) zakat, (2) charity (sadaqa), (3) Hajj, and (4) `Umra. Abu Ja`far (as) said: Allah will not accept a Hajj or an `Umra from forbidden wealth.

“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘So and so has offered you Salam (greeting of peace) and so also is so and so.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Greeting of peace is upon them.’ I then said, ‘They request you to pray for them.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What is the matter with them?’ I said, ‘Abu Ja‘far, (Abbaside ruler) has imprisoned them.’ He (the Imam) then asked, ‘What they had to do with him and what had he to do with them?’ I replied, ‘He appointed them as his agents and then imprisoned them.’ ‘What is the matter with them and what is the matter with him? Had I not prohibited them, had I not prohibited, had I not prohibited them from the fire, from fire, from fire?’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘O Lord, plan for them against their ruler.’ I (the narrator) then left Makkah and asked about them and found out that they were released three days after (my) conversation (with him (the Imam)).”

"Samurah ibn Jundub had a date palm tree in the orchard of a certain man. Whenever he came to his tree, he would see things related to the man's family that the man disliked being seen. The man went to the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) and complained about him, saying: O Messenger of Allah (swt), Samurah enters my property without my permission. Would you send for him and command him to seek permission, so that my family can take precautions against him?' The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) sent for Samurah and said to him: O Samurah, what is this matter that so-and-so complains about you, saying that you enter his property without permission and see things from his family that he dislikes? O Samurah, seek permission when you enter.' Then the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) said: 'Would it please you (Samurah) to have a date palm branch in Paradise in exchange for your tree?' He (Samurah) replied: 'No.' The Prophet said: 'You will have three (branches in Paradise).' He (Samurah) again said: 'No.' The Prophet then said: 'I do not see you, O Samurah, except as someone who causes harm. O so-and-so, cut down his tree and throw it in his face.'"

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once a man came to my father and said, ‘I have inherited a certain amount of property and I knew the owner from whom I inherited received Raba’ and I know with certainty there is Riba’ in it and I do not feel happy to consume it because of my knowledge about it. I asked the scholars of law of Iraq about it and they said, ‘It is not lawful to consume it.’ Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), said, ‘If you know exactly Riba’ property in it and you know the owner also, you must separate it and return to the owner. If it is mixed you can consume it in good health and pleasure. It is your property but you must stay away from what the previous owner would do. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, granted relief to what is passed and prohibited from Riba ’ in coming times. If one is ignorant he is exempt, until he comes to know of the unlawfulness of Riba Once a person learns that Riba ’ is unlawful and punishment becomes necessary if one consumes Riba’ just as it (punishment) is necessary for one who has consumed Riba’.’”

Hadith.3999 - Imam (as) said: "A man came to Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) and said: "I have inherited wealth, and I know that the one from whom I inherited it used to engage in usury. I am certain that there is usury in it, and this knowledge makes even the lawful portion unpleasant for me. I have asked the jurists of Iraq and Hijaz, and they said it is not permissible for me to consume it because of what it contains." Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said to him: "If you know that there is a specific portion of it that is usury and you know its rightful owners, then take your principal amount and return what is beyond that. But if it is mixed, then consume it with ease and satisfaction, for the wealth is yours. Avoid what its previous owner used to do. Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (swt) (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) forgave what has passed of usury and prohibited what remains. So whoever was ignorant of it, his ignorance is excused until he becomes aware of it. Once he knows it is prohibited, it becomes forbidden for him, and punishment becomes obligatory upon him if he engages in it, just as it is obligatory upon one who consumes usury."

“I once asked abu Ja’far. ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about al-Ratbah (a grass, cattle feed) which is sold in the form of one, two or three crops. He (the Imam) said, ‘There is no offense in it.’ I asked many such questions and every time he (the Imam) said, ‘There is no offense in it. 5 I then said, ‘May Allah keep you well’ - because of feeling shy due to my numerous questions and his words, ‘There is no offense in it’- those nearby may spoil for us all of this. He (the Imam) said, ‘I think they have heard the Hadith of the Messenger of Allah about palm trees.’ At this time someone caused an interruption and I remained quiet. I then asked Muhammad ibn Muslim to ask abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the words of the Messenger of Allah in regard to palm trees. Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, once came out and heard a great deal of noise. He (the Messenger of Allah) asked about it. It was said to him, “People buy fruits of the coming year of palm trees in exchange for dates.” The Messenger of Allah said, “If they do so they must buy the fruits of the coming year when something of such fruits appears, and they must not make it unlawful.’””

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who received Riba’ in ignorance, then he wanted to stay away from Riba’. He (the Imam) said ’What is passed is for him and he must stay away in the coming times.’ He (the Imam) then said, ’Once a man visited abu Ja’far (a.s.), and said, “I have inherited a certain amount of property and noticed that the owner of that property was involved in Riba’. I asked the scholars of law of Iraq and Hijaz and they said that consuming it is not lawful.” Abu Ja’far (a.s.), said, “If you know the Riba’ item distinctly and know the owners of such property, you must return it to them, if you know it is Riba’, take away your capital and leave the rest. If the property is mixed, you can consume them in good health and with pleasure; the property is your property and stay away from what your companion was involved in. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, exempted what had passed of Riba’. One who is ignorant is exempt and is allowed to consume such property. Once he comes to know then it becomes unlawful for him to consume. If he consumes after knowing, it becomes necessary on him what has become necessary on one who consumes Riba’.’””

Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: "O Abu Al-Fadl, do you not have a place in the market where you sit and deal with people?" I said: "Yes." Imam (as) said: "Know that any man who goes to his seat in the market, and when he places his foot in the market says: 'O Allah (swt), I ask You for its goodness and the goodness of its people, and I seek refuge in You from its evil and the evil of its people', Allah (swt), the Mighty and Exalted, appoints an angel to protect him and preserve him until he returns to his home. The angel then says to him, 'I have safeguarded you from its evil and the evil of its people for this day.' And when he sits in his place, he should say: 'I bear witness that there is no god but Allah (swt), alone, without any partner. And I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. O Allah (swt), I ask You for lawful, pure sustenance from Your bounty, and I seek refuge in You from wronging others or being wronged, and I seek refuge in You from a bad transaction and a false oath.' When he says this, the appointed angel says, 'Rejoice! For there is no one in the market today with a greater share than you. And what Allah (swt) has decreed for you will come to you fully, lawfully, purely, and with blessings.'"

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), once said to me, ‘O abu al-Fadl, do you have a place where you can sit and do business with people ? 5 I replied, ‘Yes, I have such a place . 5 He (the Imam) then said, ‘Whoever of believing people during the morning or evening goes to his market-place and says this when setting foot in the market-place, “O Allah, I pray to You to grant me goodness thereby and from its people 55 , Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, assigns someone to protect him and guard him until he returns to his home; and then says to him, “This day you were protected from the evil of that place and its people by the permission of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious. This day you were granted goodness thereby and from its people . 55 If one takes his place and says, “I testify that no one, other than Allah who is one only and has no partner, deserves worship and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. O Allah, I pray to You to grant me of your extra favor, in lawful manners and clean. I seek protection with You against my doing injustice or suffer injustice by others. I seek protection with You against losing transactions and false swearing . 55 When he says this the angel assigned with him says, “There is glad news for you about your market place. Today there is no one more fortunate than you in it. You were quick to perform good deeds and delete evil ones. What Allah has made your share will come to you a great deal, lawful, clean and with blessings in it . 55 5 55