محمد بن حفص بن عمرو بن العمري

46 – al-Ḥasan b. Abī Qutāda ʿAlī b. Muḥammad b. Ḥafṣ b. Ubayd b. Ḥumayd, client of al-Sā’ib b. Mālik al-Ashʿarī, known by the kunya of Abū Muḥammad. The “poems of ʿAmr b. Maʿdi Karab and his reports” has arrived to me, (it is) his production.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) once speaking to the people who had filled up his house said, ‘You must take notice that those who fail to maintain good relations with their neighbors are not of our people and followers.’”

47-24 Al-Hassan ibn Ahmad ibn Idris - may God be pleased with him - narrated that his father quoted on the authority of Ibrahim ibn Hashem, on the authority of Muhammad ibn Hafs, on the authority of Hamza ibn Ja’far al-Arjani, “Harun departed from one of the gates of Masjid ul-Haram (the House of God) and Ar-Ridha’ (a.s.) left from another gate. Ar-Ridha’ (a.s.) said the following to Harun for him to take heed to, ‘How far away is the (eternal) Abode and how close is the meeting in Toos (where both Harun and Ar-Ridha’ (a.s.) will be buried)! O Toos! O Toos! Soon you will bring me and him (referring to Harun) together.’”

“Once we were in the presence of abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), when the house was full of people. He (the Imam) said, ‘One whose behavior toward his companion, comrade, tablemate and associate is not proper, is not of our people.’”

"If an elderly man and an elderly woman commit adultery, they should first be lashed and then stoned as a punishment for them. If a middle-aged man commits adultery and he is married (muhṣan), he should be stoned but not lashed. However, if a young man commits adultery, he should be lashed one hundred times and exiled for one year from his city."

with regard to the verse: “Say: Have you considered if your water should go down, who is it then that will bring you flowing water?” (67:30) He asked: “What are you going to do when you lose your Imam and don’t see him?”

“If Allah creates a servant as an unbeliever in the beginning of his creation he will not die until He makes evil seem attractive to him so he draws nearer to evil. He then makes him turn out as arrogant and tyrannical. His heart then hardens, his behavior worsens, his face thickens (shameless), his obscenity becomes public, his bashfulness reduces and Allah opens his secrets. Thereafter unlawful dealing becomes his way of life and he does not separate from it. He then grows disobedient to Allah all the time and begins to hate obedience to Allah. He then moves on the offensive against people and is never satisfied with quarrels. Thus, you must ask Allah to grant you well-being, and you must seek to achieve it from Him.’”

“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, why the amount of zakat on every one thousand is twenty-five and not less or more and what is the reason?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, created all people, small, large, wealthy and poor. He made twenty-five destitute ones in every one thousand. If this much did not suffice, He would have levied more; He is their Creator and He knows more about them than they do.’”

“Once I asked Abu Ja’far al-Baqir (as) about the meaning of this saying of Allah, “We will most certainly try you with somewhat of fear and hunger…,” and he said: “O Jabir, it has a general meaning and a special meaning. The special meaning is that hunger will afflict Kufa and especially the opponents of Muhammad’s progeny and will perish them. As for the general meaning, there will be terror and hunger in Sham that have never been faced before. Hunger will be before the rising of al-Qa’im (as) but terror will be after his rising.”

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a people whose water fountains in a land are near each other, one of them decides to make his fountain below its original place in which case is harmful to the other fountains but certain ones do not harm due to solidity of earth. He (the Imam) said, ‘Whatever is in solid land it does not harm but whatever is in soft land and sandy, it harms. One can ask his neighbor to keep his fountain at the same level as his and if they agreed it does not harm.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The distance between two fountains must be kept at one thousand Dhira‘ (hands or arms length).”’

“Once I went in the presence of Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) and the house was full of people. There were people from Khurasan, from al-Sham and from various horizons and I could not find a place to sit. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) sat in his place and he was leaning against a pillow. He said, ‘O Shi’a (followers) of the family of Muhammad (a.s.) bear in mind that one who is not able to control his soul when angry is not from us, and so also is one who does not better his association with his associates, show proper behavior with those who exercise proper behavior, befriend those who befriend him, provide protection to those who protect him, observe proper table manners with those who share with him the table. O Shi’a (followers) of the family of Muhammad (a.s.) be pious before Allah to the best of your abilities. There are no means and no power without Allah.’”

“There is nothing in the heavens and on earth without these seven charateristics: the wish, the will, the measure, the decree, the permission, the record and duration.Whoever thinks that he can do without any one of these he has become a unbeliever.” From Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Muhammad ibn Hafs from Muhammad ibn ‘Ammara from Hariz ibn ‘Abdallah and ibn Maskan a similar Hadith is narrated.

“I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) saying - when a man asked him about the words of al-Murji’a, a religious sect, about rejection (disbelief) and belief -, ‘They argue against us and say, “Just as to us one who disbelieves is a rejecter of belief, so also is he in the sight of Allah. The same applies to a believer. We find a believer that when he affirms his belief he is a believer in the sight of Allah.” He (a.s.) said, “Glory belongs to Allah. How can these two be equal? Rejection of belief is an affirmation and confession of a servant, and thereafter he is not required to present any witness to prove his case. (On the other hand) belief is a claim, which is not accepted without the testimony of a witness. Witness to prove his case is his deed and intention. If they (deed and intention) agree, a servant is a believer in the sight of Allah. Rejection of belief exists in all the three things; word, deed and intention and rules of law apply to both word and deed. In of favor many persons believers testify to prove them to be believers and the rules of law applicable to believers are applied to them, but in the sight of Allah they are rejecters of belief. In certain conditions one’s applying rules of law, applicable to believers, to such unbelievers is also correct according to the apparent condition of his deed and words.’””

a man went to Basra to see the Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali (MGB) and said, “O Commander of the Faithful! Please inform me about my brethren.” The Commander of the Faithful (MGB) replied, “There are two types of brethren: sincere ones and hypocrites. The sincere brethren are similar to one’s hands, wings, and property. Once you find a sincere brother, do not hesitate to help him with your life and wealth. Be friends with his friends and be an enemy of his enemies. Cover up his flaws, and express his good deeds. However, you who ask should know that such friends are as scarce as red matches are. About hypocrites, you should only associate with them on the surface as they do with you. You should not expect anything else from them. Treat them just as they treat you in terms of being polite with and talking pleasantly with them.”

servant of the good-doer Abil Hassan Musa ibn Ja’far (al-Kadhim) (a.s.) narrated, “I was traveling with Ar-Ridha’ (a.s.) and a group of people in a dry desert. We and our animals were really thirsty and were about to perish. Ar-Ridha’ (a.s.) told us, ‘You will find water if you go there.’ We went there and found a spring there. We drank water and had our animals drink from that water, too, and returned. When we decided to continue on the Imam (a.s.) told us to look for that spring again. This time we could not find the spring, although we searched a great deal. We could only find the camels’ feces there.” The servant of Ar-Ridha’ (a.s.) narrated this for a man who was from the progeny of Qanbar who was one-hundred and twenty years old. The old man narrated a similar tradition for me and said, “I was at the service of the Imam (a.s.) at that time and the Imam (a.s.) was traveling towards Khorasan (in Iran).”

Abu Ja’far Al-Khath'ami narrated to me saying: ‘When Uthman exiled Abu Dharr to Al-Rabadha, Amir-ul-Mu'minin (a.s.), and Aqil (as), and al-Hasan (asws), and Al-Husayn (asws), and Ammar Bin Yasser bid farewell to him. So when they were inside the valley, Amir-ul-Mu'minin (asws) said; ‘O Abu Dharr! You were angry for the Sake of Allah, so have hope from His Anger. The people feared you for their world whilst you feared upon your Religion, so they exiled you from (that which is) doomed and tested you by the affliction. And, by Allah, if the skies and the earth are (forced) to closed-up on a servant, then Allah would (surely) Open up a way out for him. Let nothing comfort you except for the truth, and let nothing scare you except for the falsehood’. Then Aqil spoke saying, ‘O Abu Dharr! You know that we love you, and we know that you love us, and you have preserved with regards to us what the people have wasted except for a few. So your Reward is upon Allah, and it is for that that they have thrown you out as the castaway and made you travel in the exile. So your Reward is upon Allah Mighty and Majestic. So fear Allah and know that you should resign to the affliction from the anxiety and your deterioration of the health from the despair. So leave the resignation and the despair and say, ‘Allah is Sufficient for me and the best advocate’. Then Al-Hasan spoke saying: ‘O uncle! The people have meted out to you what you have seen, and Allah is Watching from High above. So leave the memories of the world by remembrance of its separation and the difficulties, by what will be coming to you of the ease after it, and be patient until you meet your Prophet (saww), and he will be pleased with you, Allah Willing’. Then Al-Husayn (asws) spoke saying: ‘O uncle! Allah Blessed and High has the Power to Change what you see, and every day He is in (a State of) Glory. The people have denied you their world, and you have denied them your Religion. So what is your need from what they have denied you, and they are in greatest need for what you have denied them. So it is for you to observe patience, for the goodness is in the patience, and the patience is from the generosity. And leave the anxiety, for the anxiety provides no refuge’. Then Ammar spoke saying, ‘O Abu Dharr! May Allah Make lonely the one who made you to be lonely, and Frighten the one who (tried to) frightened you. By Allah! Nothing prevents the people from speaking the truth except their reliance upon the world and the love for it. But rather, the obedience is with the group and the kingdom is for the one who overcomes it, and this group of people have called the people to their world, so they responded to them for it and bestowed their Religion upon them. Thus, they incurred the loss of the world and the Hereafter, and that is what is the clear loss’. Then Abu Dharr spoke saying, ‘Peace be upon you all, and the Mercy of Allah and His Blessings! May my father and my mother (be sacrificed for you all). These are the faces, when I see them, I remember the Messenger of Allah (saww). And what is there for me in Al-Medina to dwell in apart from you. And it became heavy upon Uthman to let me (live) in the neighborhood of Al-Medina just as it became heavy upon Mu'awiya in Syria. He (Uthman) decided that he would exile me to a town, so I said it should be Al-Kufa. So he feared that I would spoil the relationship of his brother with the people in Al-Kufa. By Allah He is sending me to a place in which I will neither see any human being nor hear a humming sound. By Allah! I do not want anyone except Allah as a companion, and what is the loneliness for me when Allah is with me. Allah is Sufficient for me. There is no god except for Him. Upon Him do I rely and He is the Lord of the Magnificent Throne, and greetings of Allah be upon our Chief Muhammad (saww) and his purified Progeny.'"

O Abal-Hassan! I swear by God that I had no plans for the Caliphate nor did I have any desires for it. I am not eager for that position and do not trust myself to be able to fulfill the needs of this nation. I have no wealth or power; do not have a supporter; and I did not want to get it from someone by force. Why are you upset with me? Why do you look upon me with disdain?’ Then Ali (MGB) told him, ‘If you had no desire for the position of Caliphate and you were not sure whether you could carry it out, then why did you accept the responsibility for being the Caliph?’Abu Bakr said, ‘The reason for this was a narration which I had heard from the Prophet (MGB) who said, ‘Indeed God would not let all my nation unite on an issue that opposes guidance’ I accepted the call of the nation. Had I known that there was someone who opposed me, I would not have accepted.’Ali (MGB) said, ‘You cited a narration from the Prophet (MGB) stating ‘Indeed God would not let all my nation unite on an issue that opposes guidance’. But wasn’t I one of the members of this nation or not?’Abu Bakr said, ‘Yes, you were.’Ali (MGB) added, ‘What about the others who opposed you such as Salman, Ammar, Abuzar, Al-Miqdad, Ibn Ebada and those of the Helpers (Ansar) who were with him?’Abu Bakr said, ‘Yes. They were all members of the nation.’Ali (MGB) said, ‘Then how could you rely on that narration from the Prophet (MGB) and the like, while you knew well that the people who opposed you were all of the great companions of the Prophet (MGB)? They are recognized by the nation and have never neglected in wishing well for the cause of the Prophet (MGB).’Abu Bakr said, ‘I did not know at the beginning that they are opposed to me. Later on, after I took charge of the affairs I realized that they are opposed to me. However, I feared that the people might turn back from the religion if I resign. I thought that it would be easier to change your mind and bring you in line with me, rather than have an outbreak of a civil war and some of the people return to atheism. I knew that you are not any less interested in protecting the Muslims and their religion than I am.’Ali (MGB) said, ‘Fine. Can you tell me what attributes should the person who is worthy of the position of Caliphate have?’Abu Bakr said, ‘He should be a well-wisher and loyal person, and he should not be unduly generous. He should be polite, just, knowledgeable of the Book, the traditions and the Divine Decrees. He should abstain from the world with little interest in it. He should take the rights of the oppressed from the oppressors, whether they be his relatives or strangers.’Then Abu Bakr remained silent.Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Do I possess these attributes or do you?’Abu Bakr said, ‘O Abal-Hassan (Ali)! Certainly you possess them.’Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Was it I who accepted the Prophet’s invitation to Islam before anyone else considered Islam or was it you who did this?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, it was you.’Ali (MGB) said, ‘I swear to you by God! Was it you who accepted God’s Prophet’s (MGB) call to Islam before any other men or was it you?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, it was you.’Ali (MGB) said, ‘I swear to you by God! Was it you who recited the Bara’at Chapter (Declaration of Immunity) for the pilgrims and the whole nation during the Hajj season, or was it you who did it?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, it was you.’Ali (MGB) said, ‘I swear to you by God! Was it I who sacrificed myself to protect the life of God’s Prophet (MGB) when he (MGB) took refuge in a cave, or was it you who did it?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, it was you.’Ali (MGB) said, ‘I swear to you by God! Was it I who is the subject of the following verse regarding giving my ring in charity ‘your real friends are (no less than) Allah, His Messenger, and the (fellowship of) believers,- those who establish regular prayers and regular charity, and they bow down humbly (in worship)’ or was it you?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, it was revealed regarding you.’Ali (MGB) said, ‘I swear to you by God! Am I the Master of you and all the Muslims according to what God’s Prophet (MGB) said on the Day of Qadir Khum, or you?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, you.’Ali (MGB) said, ‘I swear to you by God! Am I the Prophet’s vizier and do I have the same rank as Aaron had to Moses (MGB) in relation to the Prophet (MGB), or do you have it?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course for you.’Ali (MGB) said, ‘I swear to you by God! Did the Prophet (MGB) take me, my family and my children out for the imprecation of the Christian unbelievers, or did he take you and your family out for the imprecation of the unbelievers?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, you.’Then, Ali (MGB) said, ‘I swear to you by God! Was the verse of purity from all abominations ‘…And God only wishes to remove all abomination from you, ye members of the Family, and to make you pure and spotless’ revealed for me, my family and children, or was it revealed for you and your family?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, it was revealed for you and the members of your family.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! On the Kasa assembly day did the Prophet (MGB) supplicate for me, my family and my children and say, ‘O God! These are the members of my Family! Please keep them far away from the fire’ or did he supplicate for you?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course the Prophet (MGB) supplicated for you, your family and children.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Does the following Quranic verse refer to me ‘They perform (their) vows, and they fear a Day whose evil flies far and wide’ or does it refer to you?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, it refers to you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Are you the knight about whom the following was announced from the Heavens ‘There is no sword like Zulfaqar and there is no true knight but Ali’, or me?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, it refers to you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Were you the person who missed his prayer so the sun was returned for you to pray, and then it set, or was it me?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, it was you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Were you the person to whom God’s Prophet (MGB) handed his flag on the day of the Battle of the Trench and by whom God brought victory in that Battle, or was I that person?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, it was you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Were you the person who relieved the Prophet’s sorrow by killing Amr ibn ‘Abd Wudd , or was I that person?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, it was you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Were you the person whose leadership of the genies God’s Prophet (MGB) acknowledged and the genies accepted it, or was I that person?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, it was you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Were you the person whose legitimacy the Prophet praised from Adam to his own father by saying ‘Your lineage and mine starting from Adam to Abdul Mutalib and are all the result of wedlock’, or was I that person?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, it was you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Was I the person who was chosen by God’s Prophet (MGB) to whom he (MGB) married off his daughter Fatimah and said, ‘God married you off’, or was it you?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Am I the father of Al-Hassan and Al-Hussein who are the two sweet basils of the Prophet (MGB) about whom he (MGB) said, ‘These two are the Masters of the Youth in Paradise. Their father is better than them’, or are you?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Is the person who is adorned with two wings with which he flies in Paradise along with the other angels your brother or my brother?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course he is your brother.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Was it I who pledged to pay off the Prophet’s obligations and declared that during the Hajj pilgrimage season or was it you?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Was I the person about whom God’s Prophet (MGB) prayed to ‘O my Lord! Please send me your most beloved creature to share this bird with me’ when he (MGB) wanted to eat a roasted bird, or was it you?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, it was you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Was I the person about whom the Prophet (MGB) brought the good news of killing the perfidious party (Nakiseen), the deviators, and the apostates according to the interpretations of the Quran, or was it you?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, it was you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Was it you who heard the last words of God’s Prophet (MGB), performed his ritual ablutions (wuzu) for the dead, and buried him (MGB) or was it me?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, you.’Ali (MGB) said, ‘I swear to you by God! Were you the person about whom God’s Prophet said, ‘Ali is the best of the judges amongst you’, or did that refer to me?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Was I the person about whom the Prophet (MGB) ordered his companions to call as the Commander of the Faithful during his own lifetime, or was it you?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Were you closer in ties of kinship to God’s Prophet (MGB), or was I?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Were you the person who gave a Dinar to the Prophet (MGB) when he (MGB) needed it and Gabriel pledged allegiance to you? Were you the one who kept the Prophet (MGB) and his family as guests, or was that me?’ Then Abu Bakr cried and said, ‘Of course, you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Were you the person whom the Prophet (MGB) put on his shoulders to bring down and break the idols of the Ka’ba and could even extend his hands to the heavens if he willed, or was it me?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Were you the one about whom God’s Prophet (MGB) said, ‘You are the one to uphold my flag in this world and the Hereafter’, or was it me?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Were you the one whose door was left open from the mosque when all the other doors of the companions of family members of the Prophet were shut and the Prophet (MGB) allowed what God had allowed for him, or was it me?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, you.’Ali (MGB) said, ‘I swear to you by God! Was it you who gave charity before having a private consultation with God’s Prophet (MGB), or was it me? It was at that time that the Honorable the Exalted God blamed a group of people and revealed the following verse, ‘Is it that ye are afraid of spending sums in charity before your private consultation (with him)? If, then, ye do not so, and God forgives you, then (at least) establish regular prayer; practise regular charity; and obey Allah and His Messenger. And Allah is well-acquainted with all that ye do.’ ’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, you.’Then Ali (MGB) said, ‘O Abu Bakr! I swear to you by God! Were you the person about whom God’s Prophet (MGB) explicitly referred to in what he (MGB) told Fatimah, ‘I married you off to the first person to have believed and his faith is the most superior of all’, or did that refer to me?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Of course, you.’Then Ali (MGB) kept on mentioning the characteristics which the Honorable the Exalted God had given to him and no one else and Abu Bakr kept on saying, ‘Of course, you.’Abu Bakr said, ‘That is right. Such are the required characteristics for one to be in charge of the affairs of the nation of Muhammad (MGB)!’Then Ali (MGB) told him, ‘Then what fooled you so much that you turned away from God, His Prophet (MGB) and His religion? You lack what those who abide by His religion need.’Then Abu Bakr cried and said, ‘O Abal-Hassan!. You are right. Give me today to think about my affairs and what you said.’ Then Ali (MGB) told him, ‘O Abu Bakr! Fine. Do as you wish.’Then Abu Bakr left Ali’s presence. He went home and closed the doors upon himself and did not let anyone come in until night time. Umar kept walking amongst the people, since he had heard that Abu Bakr and Ali had held a private meeting.When Abu Bakr slept he dreamed of the Prophet (MGB) who was sitting in his own place. Abu Bakr rushed to the Prophet (MGB) to greet him, but the Prophet (MGB) turned his face away from him. Abu Bakr asked, ‘O Prophet of God! Have you issued any orders which I have not followed?’ God’s Prophet (MGB) replied, ‘You want me to greet you back even though you act against God and His Prophet? And even though you act against the one who is the friend of God and His Prophet? Return the right to its possessor!’ Abu Bakr asked, ‘Who is its possessor?’ The Prophet (MGB) answered, ‘It is the same person who blamed you. It is Ali.’ Abu Bakr said, ‘O Prophet of God! I shall entrust the Caliphate to him according to your orders.’Then when the morning came Abu Bakr cried and told Ali (MGB), ‘Give me your hand.’ Then Abu Bakr pledged allegiance to him and entrusted the Caliphate to him and told him (MGB), ‘I shall go to the Prophet’s mosque, inform the people about the dream I had last night and tell them what was exchanged between me and the Prophet (MGB) in my dream. I shall resign from the position of the Caliphate in the presence of the people and submit the affairs to you.’ Then Ali (MGB) told him, ‘Fine.’Abu Bakr left while he was pale and ran into Umar who was looking for him. Umar told him, ‘O Caliph of God’s Prophet! How are you?’ Then Abu Bakr informed him of what had been exchanged between him and Ali (MGB). Then Umar said, ‘O Caliph of God’s Prophet (MGB)! I swear to you by God not to be deceived by the Hashemites witchcraft! This is not the first time which they have used witchcraft.’ Umar kept tempting him until he changed his mind, gave up his decision, and became inclined to rule. Umar forced him to return and keep his previous position. When Ali (MGB) went to the mosque at the appointed time he (MGB) did not see either one of them and realized their wicked plans. Then he (MGB) went and sat at the grave of God’s Prophet (MGB). Umar passed by and said, ‘O Ali! You will never get what you want.’ Thus, Ali (MGB) realized what he had done. He (MGB) got up and returned home.”