عبد الواحد بن عبدوس

And whatever is narrated from Abd Al-Wahid ibn Muhammad ibn Abdus Al-Nisaburi, I have narrated it from him.

And whatever is narrated from Uthman ibn Ziyad, I have narrated it from Abd Al-Wahid ibn Muhammad ibn Abdus Al-Aṭṭar Al-Nisaburi, from Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Qutaybah, from Hamdan ibn Sulayman, from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn, from Uthman ibn ʿIsa, from Abd Al-Ṣamad ibn Bashir, from Uthman ibn Ziyad.

The acts of the people are created.” Abdul Salam ibn Salih al-Harawi asked the Imam (s), “O son of the Prophet of God! What does created mean?” The Imam (s) said, “It means they are destined.”

“I wrote to Al-Ridha (s) and asked him (s) about whether the deeds of the servants were created or not. The Imam (s) wrote back, “In God’s Knowledge, the deeds of the servants were destined two-thousand years before the Creation of Adam.”

Hearts are (of) four (types): a heart in which there is hypocrisy and faith; an overturned heart; a heart that is dispositioned; and a heart that is radiant and lightening. I said: What is the radiant? He said: Within it is like the shape of a lamp. As for the dispositioned, it is the heart of a hypocrite. As for the radiant, it is the heart of a believer; if Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, gives him, he tanks, and if He tests him, he is patient. As for the overturned, it is the heart of a polytheist. He then recited this verse: «Is the one who walks while overturned on his face, more guided, or the one who walks uprightly on a straight path?» (67:22) As for the heart in which there is faith and hypocrisy, they are a people who were in Ta’if; if the time of one of them approaches firstly to his hypocrisy, he is to perish, and if it approaches firstly to his faith, he is to be saved.

I wrote to al-Rida (AS) asking him whether the actions of the servants are created or uncreated? So he (AS) wrote back, “The actions of the servants were decreed through the Knowledge of Allah, the Might and High, two thousand years before the creation of the servants.”

Everything in this book that is narrated from Al-Fadl ibn Shadhan regarding the causes (reasons) he mentioned from Imam Al-Ridha (as) has been transmitted by me from Abdul Wahid ibn Abduws Al-Naysaburi Al-Attar - may Allah (swt) be pleased with him - from Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Qutaybah, from Al-Fadl ibn Shadhan Al-Naysaburi, from Imam Al-Ridha (as).

An Arabian said to Allah’s Messenger, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family: Peace be upon you, O Informing of Allah. He said: I am not the informing of Allah, however, I am, indeed, the Prophet of Allah.

I heard Al-Rida `Ali ibn Musa (a.s) say in his supplications: Glory be to Him who created the creation by His Power, ascertained what He created by His Wisdom, and placed everything in its place through His Knowledge. Glorified be He who knows stealthy looks, and who knows what breasts conceal. There is nothing like Him, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing.

Glory be to God who has created things with His Might. He perfected whatever He created using His Wisdom. He placed whatever He created in its right place using His Knowledge. Glorified is Him who knows about the deceitful hidden looks and whatever is hidden in the hearts. There exists nothing like unto Him. He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing.”

The Messenger of Allah, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, forbade muka’ama and mukama’a. Muka’ama is that a man kisses a man, and mukama’a is that he hugs him while there is no robe between them for other than necessity.

Acting justly and speaking fairly result in the continuation of blessings. And there is no power nor any strength save by God.”The first volume of Uyun Akhbar Al-Ridha (s) authored by Abi Ja’far Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Al-Hussein ibn Musa ibn Babawayh al-Qumi residing in Ray has ended at this point. May God assist him to obey God and grant him success to please God. In the beginning of the second volume, I will present more traditions about Al-Ridha (s).

6. `Abd Al-Wahid ibn Muhammad ibn `Abdus al-Naysaburi al-`Attar (RA) said in Naysabur year 352 AH that `Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Qutaybah al-Naysaburi said that I heard al-Fadl ibn Shadhan that when I was present, a dualist asked Abu al-Hasan `Ali ibn Musa al-Rida (AS): “I say: Verily, there are two producers of the Universe. Then what is the proof that He is One?” Consequently, he (AS) replied, “You statement: “Verily, He is two” is proof that He is One, because you have not claimed the second except after ascertaining the One. Therefore, One is agreed upon, and more than one is disagreed.

It was said to him: Indeed, Abu’l-Khattab is mentioning of you that you said to him: «If you know the truth, then do what you wish». He then said: May Allah curse Abu’l-Khattab. By Allah, I did not say it to him like this. However, I said: If you know the truth, then do what you wish of goodness, and it will be accepted from you. Indeed, Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, says: «The one who performs a righteous deed, be it a male or a female, while he is a believer, those will enter Paradise, being sustained in it without reckoning.» (40:40) He, Blessed and Exalted is He, also says: «The one who performs a righteous deed, be it a male or a female, while he is a believer, We will surely revive him to a good life.» (16:97)

I asked Al-Ridha about the Honorable the Exalted God’s words, ‘Those whom God (in His plan) willeth to guide, He openeth their breasts to Islam…’ The Imam (s) said, ‘Those whom God wishes to guide in their faith in this world towards Paradise and His House of Munificence in the Hereafter, He will open their breasts to submit to God, rely on Him, get calmed by the rewards that He has promised until they trust Him. But regarding ‘…those whom He willeth to leave straying…’ to be deprived of His Paradise and His Home of His Munificence in the Hereafter due to their disbelief in it and their disobedience of God in this world. ‘…He maketh their breast close and constricted…’ so that they fall in doubt in his state of disbelief. God will upset their belief in their heart as things get so hard for them ‘…as if they had to climb up to the skies: thus doth God (heap) the penalty on those who refuse to believe.’”

“O son of the Prophet of God! There have been traditions on the authority of your forefathers that whoever makes love during the fasting of Ramadhan or breaks his fast should an expiation pay three times, while in other traditions it is said that he should only pay the fine. Which one must we act upon?” The Imam (s) said, “Both of them. Whoever illegitimately makes love during the fasting of Ramadhan or breaks his fast using some forbidden things to eat should pay an expiation three times: free one slave; fast for two consecutive months; and feed sixty poor people. He must also make up the fasting for that day. However, if he makes love with a legitimate wife or breaks his fast by eating some legitimate meals, then he should pay a fine and make up the fasting for that day. If he does so having forgotten that he is fasting, then there is no expiation, and he must not make up the fasting for that day.”

I asked Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as): "O son of the Messenger of Allah (swt), it has been narrated to us from your forefathers (peace be upon them) that for someone who has intercourse or breaks their fast in the month of Ramadan, there are three expiations. It has also been narrated from them (peace be upon them) that there is only one expiation. Which of the two narrations should we follow?" Imam (as) said: "Both are correct. If a person has intercourse unlawfully or breaks their fast by consuming something unlawful during the month of Ramadan, then three expiations are required, freeing a slave, fasting for two consecutive months, and feeding sixty needy people. In addition, the person must make up the fast for that day. However, if the person had lawful intercourse or broke their fast by consuming something lawful, then only one expiation is required, along with making up the fast for that day. And if the person did so out of forgetfulness, then nothing is required of him."

I asked Abu’l-Hasan, Ali bin Musa al-Rida, peace be upon him, about the saying of Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He: «So, the one whom Allah wants to guide, He expands his chest to Islam» (6:125). He said: The one whom Allah wants to guide with his faith in this world to His Garden and the House of His Generosity in the Hereafter, He will expand his chest to submission to Allah, trust in Him and tranquility towards what He has promised of His reward until he is assured of Him. Moreover, the one whom He wants to lead astray from His Garden and House of Generosity in the Hereafter due to his disbelief and disobedience to Him in this world, He will make his chest tight, aggravated, until he doubts in his disbelief and his heart is distressed from his belief until he becomes as if he is elevating in the sky. Similarly, Allah makes impurity for those who do not believe.

Anyone who declares the oneness of Allah (tawhid), denies Him being anthropomorphized (tashbih), deems Him far above that whichever does not fit Him, declares that might, power, will, volition, creation, authority, and acts-all are in the possession of Allah, believes that the acts of the servants (i.e., the planning for the acts) are created, declares that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, that Ali and the Imams who follow him are the arguments of Allah (against the creatures), supports their allies, avoids committing the grand [sins], believes in the raj'ah [of the Imams] and the two mut’ahs, and has faith in the Prophet’s Midnight Ascension, the tomb interrogation, the Divine Pool, the right of intercession, the creation of Paradise and Hell, the Path, the Balance, the raising from the death, and the Resurrection, he is surely a believer and one of our Shia of the Prophet’s household.

I asked Abu al-Hasan `Ali ibn Musa al-Rida (AS) in Naysabur about the Word of Allah, the Mighty and High: Therefore, (for) whomsoever Allah intends that He would guide him aright, He expands his breast for Islam. He clarified, Whoever Allah intends to guide with faith in Him in this world, and to His Paradise and abode of Kindness in the Hereafter, He expands his breast in submission to Allah, trust in Him, and satisfaction with His Promises and Rewards until He is tranquil And whosoever He intends that He should cause him to err from His Paradise and abode of His Kindness in the Hereafter for his disbelief and disobedience of Allah in this world, He makes his breast strait and narrow so that he doubts due to his disbelief, and his heart is confused concerning his faith until he becomes as though he were ascending upwards; thus, does Allah lay uncleanness on those who do not believe.