محمد بن علي الباقر عليه السلام

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘One who does not divorce according to Sunnah must be returned to the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, even though he may refuse.’”

“About the case of a man who divorces his wife once during his illness and waits until her waiting period ends she inherits him as long as she does not marry; but if she marries after her waiting period she then does not inherit his legacy.’”

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who divorces his wife and about when she becomes stranger to him. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is when blood of the third Hayd (menses) appears. She gets control of her own affairs.’ I then asked, ‘Can she marry in that condition?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, but she must not allow him to approach her before she is clean of blood of Hayd (menses).’

"When a man divorces his wife, they inherit from one another as long as she is in her waiting period (iddah). However, if he divorces her for the third time, he has no right to take her back, and there is no inheritance between them."

the Messenger of Allah (swt) said: "Archangel Jibril (as) advised me regarding women so much that I thought divorce should not be permissible except in the case of clear indecency."

"If a man divorces his wife and brings two just witnesses to bear witness to it during her waiting period ('iddah), he cannot divorce her again after that until her waiting period ends or he reconciles with her."

"A woman who has been divorced three times has no right to maintenance (nafaqa) or accommodation (sukna) from her husband. This is only for the woman whose husband still has the right to take her back (rajʿa)."

"I asked him about a man who said to another, 'Write to my wife regarding her divorce,' or said: 'Write to my slave regarding his emancipation.' Would that constitute a divorce or emancipation?" Imam (as) replied: "There is no divorce nor emancipation until it is spoken by the tongue or written by his own hand with the intention of divorce or emancipation. It must also be done with proper witnessing and at the right time while he is absent from his family."

"The compensation (mut'ah) for women is obligatory, whether the marriage was consummated or not. This compensation should be granted before she is divorced."

"The divorce of a pregnant woman is a single divorce, and once she delivers what is in her womb, she is separated from him."

"The minimum period a woman can carry a pregnancy is six months, and the maximum period she can carry is two years."

"There are two matters, whichever occurs first will determine the separation of a suspiciously divorced woman who is uncertain about her menstruation. If three full white months pass without any blood, she is separated by that. However, if three menstrual cycles occur, even if there are not three full months between them, she is separated by the menstruation."

"Ẓihar (a form of divorce by comparison) does not occur through an oath, nor in a case of harm, nor in a state of anger. Ẓihar is only valid when it is declared during a state of purity (from menstruation), without prior intercourse, and in the presence of two Muslim witnesses."

Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said regarding a man who performed ẓihar (a form of divorce by comparison) against four wives: "He is obligated to offer only one expiation."

"If a free man divorces a bondwoman and she completes part of her waiting period (ʿiddah) while still a slave and then she is freed, she must complete the waiting period according to the rules of a bondwoman."

"If a man is reported dead to his family or they are informed that he has divorced his wife, and she observes her waiting period (iddah) and then remarries, but later her first husband returns, then the first husband has more right to her than the second, whether the second husband consummated the marriage or not. However, the second husband is entitled to the dowry for what he lawfully accessed of her." Abdul Karim added in his narration: "And the second husband can never marry her again."

I asked Imam (as) about a man who said to his wife: "You are forbidden to me." Imam (as) replied: "If I had authority over him, I would have struck his head and said to him, 'Allah (swt) the Exalted has made her lawful for you, so who has made her forbidden for you?' He has done nothing more than lie, claiming that what Allah (swt) has made lawful for him is forbidden. This does not count as divorce nor does it require any expiation." I then asked Imam (as) about the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: "O Prophet! Why do you forbid (yourself) what Allah (swt) has made lawful for you, seeking to please your wives? And Allah (swt) is Forgiving, Merciful. Allah (swt) has already ordained for you (Muslims) the dissolution of your oaths." (Surah At-Tahrim 66:1-2) Imam (as) replied: "The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) had forbidden himself from his bondwoman Mariyah and had sworn not to approach her. The expiation was made obligatory on him because of his oath, not because of the prohibition."

A man stood before the Commander of the Faithful (as) and said: "I divorced my wife during her waiting period (ʿiddah) without any witnesses." Imam (as) replied: "Your divorce is not valid. Return to your wife."

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that once the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, passed by a man and asked, ’How is your wife doing?’ He said, ‘I have divorced her, O Messenger of Allah.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) asked, ‘Did you do it without her misbehaving?’ He replied, ‘Yes, it was without her misbehaving.’ He (the Imam) said that he married and the Holy Prophet, passed by and asked, ‘Have you got married?’ He replied, ‘Yes, I have married.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) afterward asked, ‘How is your wife?’ He replied, ‘I have divorced her.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) asked, ‘Did you divorce her without her misbehaving?’ He replied, ‘Yes, it was without her misbehaving.’ The man then got married and the Holy Prophet, passed by and asked, ‘Have you got married?’ Afterward he (the Messenger of Allah) asked about his wife and he replied, ‘I divorced her.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) asked, ‘Did you do without her misbehaving?’ He replied, ‘Yes, it was without her misbehaving.’ The Messenger of Allah then said, ‘Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, hates or condemns every man who divorces hastily (like an epicure who keeps tasting this and that food) and every woman who is as such.’”

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), had a wife whom he (the Imam) liked and loved. One day he (the Imam) divorced her and he was sad about it. A certain person of his followers asked, ‘Why did you divorce her?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘I mentioned Ali (a.s.), before her and she belittled him (the Imam). I did not like touching a piece of charcoal from the charcoals of hell with my skin.'"