hadith
1498
۞
In Al-Mahasin it is narrated that Soma'at ibn Mehran narrated that he and some friends of Imam Sadiq (a.s) were with Imam Sadiq (a.s) once when they started to talk about intelligence and ignorance. Imam Sadiq (a.s) said
“Get to know intelligence and its troops and ignorance and its troops to be guided.” Soma'at said: “O! May I be your devoted servant. We know nothing except for what you teach us.” Imam Sadiq (a.s) said: “God, Exalted is His Praise created the intellect. It was one of His first creatures which He created using His own light from the right side of the Throne. He then ordered it to go back, and it did. He then ordered it to come forward, and it did. God said: “I created you as a great creature, and honored you above all My creatures.” Then God created ignorance and told it to go back and it did. Then God ordered it to come forward, but it did not accept. God said: “You rebelled.” Then God cursed it. God then established seventy-five troops for the intellect. When ignorance saw God's grant to the intellect, it became its enemy and said: “O' God! You created it and honored it and strengthened it. It is a creature like me. I am opposed to it and have no power over it. So please grant me of the troops you grant it.” God said: “OK I will, but if you disobey I will throw you and your troops out of the domain of My Mercy.” It said it was pleased, and it was also granted seventy-five troops. The seventy five troops are as follows: Goodness is the minister for the intellect and evil is the minister for ignorance; faith for the intellect and infidelity for ignorance; acceptance for the intellect and rejection for ignorance; hope for the intellect and despair for ignorance; justice for the intellect and oppression for ignorance; contentment for the intellect and discontent for ignorance; gratitude for the intellect and ingratitude for ignorance; lack of hope (in God's Mercy) for the intellect and greed (in God's Mercy) for ignorance; reliance on God for intellect and greed for ignorance; kindness for the intellect and ruthlessness for ignorance; mercy for the intellect and anger for ignorance; knowledge for the intellect and ignorance for ignorance; understanding for the intellect and stupidity for ignorance; chastity for the intellect and vulgarity for ignorance; abstinence for the intellect and materialism for ignorance; kindness for the intellect and violence for ignorance; solemnity for the intel lect, and insolence for ignorance; humbleness for the intellect, and haughtiness for ignorance; calm for the intellect, and rush for ignorance; patience for the intellect, and being feeble-minded for ignorance; silence for the intellect, and being talkative for ignorance; compliance for the intellect, and conceit for ignorance; submission for the intellect, and being oppressive for ignorance; forgiveness for the intellect, and animosity for ignorance; amiability for the intellect, and ruthlessness for ignorance; certitude for the intellect, and doubt for ignorance; perseverance for the intellect, and anxiety for ignorance; pardon for the intellect, and revenge for ignorance; self sufficiency for the intellect, and poverty for ignorance; pondering for the intellect, and neglect for ignorance; memorizing for the intellect, and forgetting for ignorance; loving for the intellect, and enmity for ignorance; obeying for the intellect, and rebelling for ignorance; contentment for the intellect, and greed for ignorance; justice for the intellect, and injustice for ignorance; friendship for the intellect, and enmity for ignorance; loyalty for the intellect, and treachery for ignorance; humbleness for the intellect, and arrogance for ignorance; right for the intellect, and wrong for ignorance; health for the intellect, and affliction for ignorance; love for the intellect, and hate for ignorance; honesty for the intellect, and telling lies for ignorance; trustworthiness for the intellect, and treason for ignorance; sincerity for the intellect, and corruption for ignorance; bravery for the intellect, and stupidity for ignorance; understanding for the intellect, and ignorance for ignorance; recognition for the intellect, and denial for ignorance; putting up with other people's minor mistake for the intellect, and divulging other people's minor mistakes for ignorance; keeping other's secrets for the intellect, and divulging other's secrets for ignorance; hiding for the intellect, and divulging for ignorance; praying for the intellect, and neglecting (prayers) for ignorance; fasting for the intellect, and breaking fast for ignorance; engaging in Jihad for the intellect, and refusal to testify for ignorance; pilgrimage for the intellect, and breaking covenant for ignorance; keeping secrets for the intellect, and slandering for ignorance; being kind with parents for the intellect, and being cursed by parents for ignorance; truth for the intellect, and hypocrisy for ignorance; good for the intellect, and evil for ignorance; covering oneself for the intellect, and playing up a woman's charms for ignorance; covering up for the intellect, and making up oneself for ignorance; concealment for the intellect and divulging for ignorance; being fair for the intellect, and siding with the wrong for ignorance; making up for the husband for the intellect, and fornication for ignorance; cleanliness for the intellect, and filthiness for ignorance; shyness for the intellect, and taking off the clothes for ignorance; assuming a mediators position for the intellect, and aggression for ignorance; comfort for the intellect, and hard work for ignorance; easiness for the intellect, and hardship for ignorance; abundance of blessings for the intellect, and scarcity for ignorance; health for the intellect, and affliction for ignorance; reasonable wealth for the intellect, and hoarding for ignorance; wisdom for the intellect, and selfish desires for ignorance; dignity for the intellect, and humility for ignorance; prosperity for the intellect, and ruin for ignorance; repentance for the intellect, and insistence on sin for ignorance; asking for forgiveness for the intellect, and being too proud for ignorance; protection for the intellect, and neglect for ignorance; performing supplications for the intellect, and abandoning supplications for ignorance; joy for the intellect, and boredom for ignorance; happiness for the intellect, and sorrow for ignorance; intimacy for the intellect, and anger for ignorance; generosity for the intellect, and stinginess for ignorance. All the characteristics which are the troops of the intellect will only be present in the Prophet (a.s) or the Imams (a.s) or a believer who has tested his heart with faith. But other friends of ours have some of these and can slowly attain the rest and avoid the troops of ignorance. Then they will reach the high ranks of the Prophets and the Imams. This prosperity is only obtained by the recognition of the intellect and its troops and by avoiding ignorance and its troops. May God assist both you and us in obeying and pleasing Him.” God the Almighty said: “Verily in this is a Message for any that has a heart and understanding…” [The Holy Quran: 50:37]
من كتاب المحاسن: عن سماعة بن مهران قال
كنت عند أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام) وعنده عدة من مواليه، فجرى ذكر العقل والجهل، فقال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام): اعرفوا العقل وجنده والجهل وجنده تهتدوا، قال سماعة: فقلت: جعلت فداك لا نعرف إلا ما عرفتنا، فقال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام): إن الله جل ثناؤه خلق العقل وهو أول خلق خلقه من الروحانيين عن يمين العرش من نوره، فقال له: أدبر فأدبر، ثم قال له: أقبل فأقبل، فقال الله عز وجل له: خلقتك خلقا عظيما وكرمتك على جميع خلقي. قال: ثم خلق الجهل، فقال له: أدبر فأدبر، ثم قال له: أقبل، فلم يقبل، فقال الله له: استكبرت فلعنه، ثم جعل للعقل خمسة وسبعين جندا، فلما رأى الجهل ما أكرم الله به العقل وما أعطاه الله أضمر له العداوة، فقال الجهل: يا رب! هذا خلق مثلي خلقته وكرمته وقويته وأنا ضده ولا قوة لي به، فاعطني من الجند مثل ما أعطيته، فقال: نعم، فإن عصيت بعد ذلك أخرجتك وجندك من رحمتي، قال: قد رضيت، فأعطاه خمسة وسبعين جندا. فكان مما أعطى الله العقل من الخمسة والسبعين الجند: الخير وهو وزير العقل، وجعل ضده الشر وهو وزير الجهل، والإيمان وضده الكفر، والتصديق وضده الجحود، والرجاء وضده القنوط، والعدل وضده الجور، والرضا وضده السخط، والشكر وضده الكفران، واليأس وضده الطمع، والتوكل وضده الحرص، والرأفة وضدها القسوة، والرحمة وضدها الغضب، والعلم وضده الجهل، والفهم وضده الحمق، والعفة وضدها التهتك، والزهد وضده الرغبة، والرفق وضده الخرق، والرهبة وضدها الجرأة، والتواضع وضده التكبر، والتؤدة وضدها التسرع، والحلم وضده السفه، والصمت وضده الهذر، والاستسلام وضده الاستكبار، والتسليم وضده التجبر، والعفو وضده الحقد، والرقة وضدها القسوة، واليقين وضده الشك، والصبر وضده الجزع، والصفح وضده الانتقام، والغنى وضده الفقر، والتفكر وضده السهو، والحفظ وضده النسيان، والتعطف وضده القطيعة، والطاعة وضدها المعصية، والقنوع وضده الحرص، والمواساة وضدها المنع، والمودة وضدها العداوة، والوفاء وضده الغدر، والخضوع وضده التطاول، والحق وضده الباطل، والسلامة وضدها البلاء، والحب وضده البغض، والصدق وضده الكذب، والأمانة وضدها الخيانة، والإخلاص وضده الشوب، والشهامة وضدها البلادة، والفهم وضده الغباوة، والمعرفة وضدها الإنكار، والمداراة وضدها المكاشفة، وسلامة الغيب وضدها المماكرة، والكتمان وضده الإفشاء، والصلاة وضدها الإضاعة، والصوم وضده الإفطار، والجهاد وضده النكول، والحج وضده نبذ الميثاق، وصون الحديث وضده النميمة، وبر الوالدين وضده العقوق، والحقيقة وضدها الرياء، والمعروف وضده المنكر، والستر وضده التبرج، والتقية وضدها الإذاعة، والإنصاف وضده الحمية، والتهيئة وضدها البغي، والنظافة وضدها القذارة، والحياء وضده الخلع، والقصد وضده العدوان، والراحة وضدها التعب، والسهولة وضدها الصعوبة، والبركة وضدها المحق، والعافية وضدها البلاء، والقوام وضده المكاثرة، والحكمة وضدها الهوى، والوقار وضده الخفة، والسعادة وضدها الشقاوة، والتوبة وضدها الإصرار، والاستغفار وضده الاغترار، والمحافظة وضدها التهاون، والدعاء وضده الاستنكاف، والنشاط وضده الكسل، والفرح وضده الحزن، والألفة وضدها العصبية، والسخاء وضده البخل. فلا تجتمع هذه الخصال كلها من أجناد العقل إلا في نبي أو وصي نبي أو مؤمن قد امتحن الله قلبه بالإيمان، وأما سائر ذلك من موالينا فإن أحدهم لا يخلو من أن يكون فيه بعض هذه الجنود حتى يستكمل ويتقي من جنود الجهل، فعند ذلك يكون في الدرجة العليا مع الأنبياء والأوصياء، وإنما يدرك الفوز بمعرفة العقل وجنوده ومجانبة الجهل وجنوده، وفقنا الله وإياكم لطاعته ومرضاته.