إبراهيم بن هاشم

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who suffers from an illness and is not able to stand up and perform Sujud (prostrations). He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to perform his Salah (prayer) by making gestures with his head, and placing his forehead on the ground is lovelier to me.’”

It is not harmful.’ I do not think except that he (the Imam) said it about one with health problems or illness. In another Hadith it is said that he can perform Salah (prayer) folding his legs in a square shape or stretch them, all of it is permissible.”

A healthy person performs Salah (prayer) standing. One suffering from an illness performs Salah (prayer) sitting, and ‘on their sides’ is for one who is weaker than a patient who performs Salah (prayer) in a sitting position.’”

“I once said to him (the Imam) (a.s.), ‘There is a man who has become ill and has omitted optional Salah (prayer).’ He (the Imam) said, ‘O Muhammad, it is not obligatory Salah (prayer). If he performs, it is a good deed that he does. If he did not do, he is not required to perform it.’”

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘You must not ignore Ghusl (bath) on Friday; it is a sunnah. You should use perfumes, dress up in you proper dress and you should complete your Ghusl (bath) before noontime. At Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime) rise up with calmness and dignity for prayer.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Ghusl (bath) on Friday is obligatory.’”

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘There must be a distance of three miles between two congregations for Friday Salah (prayer). Friday Salah (prayer) without sermon is not valid. If there is a distance of three miles between two congregation for Friday Salah (prayer), then each congregation can come together (for Friday Salah (prayer)).”’

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about Friday. He (the Imam) said, ‘It (Friday Salah (prayer)) is obligatory up on those who live within two farsakh. If the distance is more than this then it is not obligatory on him.’”

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The Messenger of Allah has said, “All preachers are al- Qiblah, which means when the Imam delivers the sermon for the people on Friday it is appropriate for people to turn their faces to him.’”” (The following chapter is best explained in the form of fatwa.)

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about Friday. He (the Imam) said, ‘It has Adhan and ‘Iqamah and the Imam comes out after Adhan, climbs the pulpit and delivers the sermon. People do not perform Salah (prayer) until the Imam is on the pulpit. He then sits on the pulpit for a time, which takes one to read Chapter 112. He then stands up and commences the sermon, then climbs down, then recites with them Surah (chapter) al-Jumu‘ah (62) in the first Rak‘at and Surah (chapter) al- Munafiqun (63) in the second Rak‘at.’”

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about recitation on Friday when I perform Salah (prayer) alone of four Rak‘at. Can I recite aloud? He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, you can recite aloud.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Recite Surah (chapter) al-Jumu‘ah and al-Munafiqun on Friday.’”

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Allah has granted honor to the believers by means of sending (Surah (chapter) of al-Jumu‘ah). The Messenger of Allah established it a Sunnah (noble tradition) and good news for them. He sent al-Munafiqun to reprimand the hypocrites. It is not proper to omit it. Salah (prayer) of one who willfully omits it is not valid.’”

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one performs Friday Salah (prayer) without reciting Surah (chapter) al-Jumu‘ah and al-Munafiqun, he is required to perform his Salah (prayer) again, on a journey or at home.’ It is narrated that it is not an offense to recite Qul Huwa Allahu Ahad, Chapter 112 on a journey.”

“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who misses to attend the sermon of Friday. He (the Imam) said, ‘He can perform the two Rak‘at, but if he misses Salah (prayer), he performs four Rak‘at.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If you join the Imam before the Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees) for the last Rak‘at, you have attended Salah (prayer), but if you join the Imam after Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees) of the last Rak‘at, then it is al-Dhuhr and four Rak‘at.’”

“This is a Hadith that abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has pronounced. ‘The Messenger of Allah, when on a journey or being in need for something, would perform al-Dhuhr and al-‘Asr Salah (prayer) together soon one after the other, as well as al-Maghrib and al-‘Isha’ Salah (prayer).’ He (the narrator) has said that abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not harmful to perform al-‘Isha’ al- Akhirah earlier on a journey and before the disappearance of brightness in the western horizon.’”

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the limit of the miles which is involved in Taqsir (reducing Salah (prayer) on a journey after traveling a certain distance). Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘The Messenger of Allah had determined the limits of such mile to be from the shadow of ‘Ayr to the shadow of O’ Ayr and they are two mountains in al-Madinah. On sunrise the shadow of ‘Ayr falls on the shadow of O’ Ayr and that is the mile that the Messenger of Allah had set up for Taqsir (reducing Salah (prayer) on a journey after traveling a certain distance).”’

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘Salah (prayer) is reduced after traveling a distance of one barid and one barid is four farasikh (which is twelve miles).”’

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who returns from his journey when it has become the time for a Salah (prayer). He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to perform his Salah (prayer) as two Rak‘at and if he goes out on a journey when it has become the time for Salah (prayer) he is required to perform his Salah (prayer) as four Rak‘at.’”

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about a man who misses a Salah (prayer) while on a journey and remembers it when he is at home. He (the Imam) said, ‘He performs Qada’ (compensatory prayer) for it just as it was missed, if missed on a journey the compensatory prayer for it at home is as reduced and if it is missed at home the compensatory prayer for it, if performed on a journey, is complete.’”

“Muhammad ibn Muslim once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), when I was listening, about a traveler who thinks to stay for ten days. He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to perform his Salah (prayer) as complete. If he does not know for how long he will stay, like for one or more, he can count to thirty days, then perform his Salah (prayer) as complete even if thereafter he stays for one day or one Salah (prayer).’ Muhammad ibn Muslim then said, ‘I am told that you have said it is five.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, I had said that.’ Abu Ayyub has said that he said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, can it be less than five?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it cannot be less than five.’”

“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about a traveler if he can perform Salah (prayer) behind a non-traveler. He (the Imam) said, ‘After performing two Rak‘at, he then can move away whenever he wants.’”