Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘The ignorant is one who considers himself knowledgeable about what he is [in actual fact] ignorant of, and he is content with his own opinion. His attachment to scholars only increases his estrangement [from knowledge] since he is constantly finding fault with them. He deems invalid the views of those who oppose him, and that which he does not understand he sees as fallacious. If he comes across something that he does not know, he denies it and falsifies it saying, ‘I have never heard of this! or ‘I do not see it as possible! or ‘How can it be! or ‘Where is this from? This is due to his confidence in his own opinion and the paucity of his awareness of his own ignorance.