Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

Chapter on the Etiquettes of Judgment

Volume 3 Section 10 10 narrations
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Testimony and Judgment 10 Anger 2 Debt and Loans 1 Rights 1

In this chapter

Hadith 91
Hadith.3234 - The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Whoever is tested with judging should not pass judgment while he is angry."
3234 - قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ : "مَنِ اُبْتُلِيَ بِالْقَضَاءِ فَلاَ يَقْضِيَنَّ وَ هُوَ غَضْبَانُ".
Tags Testimony and JudgmentAnger
Hadith 92
Hadith.3235 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "If the judge turns to those on his right and left, asking, 'What do you say? What do you think?' then upon him is the curse of Allah (swt), the angels, and all people. He should rise from his seat and let them sit in his place."
3235 - وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "إِذَا كَانَ اَلْحَاكِمُ يَقُولُ لِمَنْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَ لِمَنْ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ مَا تَقُولُ مَا تَرَى فَعَلَى ذَلِكَ "لَعْنَةُ اَللّٰهِ وَ اَلْمَلاٰئِكَةِ وَ اَلنّٰاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ" أَلاَّ يَقُومُ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ وَ يُجْلِسُهُمَا مَكَانَهُ ".
Tags Testimony and Judgment
Hadith 93
Hadith.3236 - A man stayed as a guest with Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) for a few days. Then he presented a legal dispute to him, which he had not previously mentioned to Imam Ali (as). So Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said to him: "Are you a litigant?" He replied: "Yes." Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "Then leave us, for the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) forbade hosting a litigant except when his opponent is also present."
3236 - وَ إِنَّ رَجُلاً نَزَلَ بِعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَمَكَثَ عِنْدَهُ أَيَّاماً ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْهِ فِي حُكُومَةٍ لَمْ يَذْكُرْهَا لِعَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "أَ خَصْمٌ أَنْتَ" قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ "تَحَوَّلْ عَنَّا فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ نَهَى أَنْ يُضَافَ اَلْخَصْمُ إِلاَّ وَ مَعَهُ خَصْمُهُ".
Tags Testimony and Judgment
Hadith 94
Hadith.3237 - Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Whoever treats people with fairness from himself is accepted as a judge for others."
3237 - وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "مَنْ أَنْصَفَ اَلنَّاسَ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ رُضِيَ بِهِ حَكَماً لِغَيْرِهِ ".
Tags Testimony and Judgment
Hadith 95
Hadith.3238 - It is narrated from Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) that Imam (as) said
The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) said: "If two men bring a case before you, do not judge in favor of the first until you hear from the other, for if you do so, the judgment will become clear to you." Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "After that, I continued to serve as a judge." And the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said to him: "O Allah (swt), grant him understanding in judgment."
3238 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ
أَنَّهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ : "إِذَا تَقَاضَى إِلَيْكَ رَجُلاَنِ فَلاَ تَقْضِ لِلْأَوَّلِ حَتَّى تَسْمَعَ مِنَ اَلْآخَرِ فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ تَبَيَّنَ لَكَ اَلْقَضَاءُ " قَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "فَمَا زِلْتُ بَعْدَهَا قَاضِياً" وَ قَالَ لَهُ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ " اَللَّهُمَّ فَهِّمْهُ اَلْقَضَاءَ ".
Tags Testimony and Judgment
Hadith 96
Hadith.3239 - Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said to Shurayh: "O Shurayh, do not speak privately with anyone in your court. And if you become angry, stand up and do not pass judgment while you are angry."
3239 - وَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لِشُرَيْحٍ : "يَا شُرَيْحُ لاَ تُسَارَّ أَحَداً فِي مَجْلِسِكَ وَ إِذَا غَضِبْتَ فَقُمْ وَ لاَ تَقْضِيَنَّ وَ أَنْتَ غَضْبَانُ ".
Tags Testimony and JudgmentAnger
Hadith 97
Hadith.3240 - Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) who said
"The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) ruled that the one on the right should speak first in a gathering."
3240 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ
"قَضَى رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ أَنْ يُقَدَّمَ صَاحِبُ اَلْيَمِينِ فِي اَلْمَجْلِسِ بِالْكَلاَمِ".
Tags Testimony and Judgment
Hadith 98
Hadith.3241 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdillah (as) who said
"If you appear with an opponent before a governor or a judge, stand to his right."
3241 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ
"إِذَا تَقَدَّمْتَ مَعَ خَصْمٍ إِلَى وَالٍ أَوْ إِلَى قَاضٍ فَكُنْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ".
Tags Testimony and Judgment
Hadith 99
Hadith.3242 - The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Whoever is tested with judging should treat them equally in gestures and glances within the gathering."
3242 - وَ قَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ : "مَنِ اُبْتُلِيَ بِالْقَضَاءِ فَلْيُسَاوِ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي اَلْإِشَارَةِ وَ اَلنَّظَرِ فِي اَلْمَجْلِسِ ".
Tags Testimony and Judgment
Hadith 100
Hadith.3243 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Amr ibn Abi al-Miqdam, from his father, from Salamah ibn Kuhayl, from Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), who said to Shurayh: "O Shurayh, observe those who procrastinate, delay payments, oppress others, and deny people their rights despite having wealth and resources. Take the rights of the people from them and sell their properties and houses if necessary.
I heard the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) say: 'Delaying payment by a wealthy Muslim is injustice to another Muslim.' As for the one who has no wealth, property, or house, there is no recourse against him. Know that no one can enforce the truth upon people except one who restrains them from falsehood. Treat the Muslims equally in your appearance, speech, and seating so that your relatives do not hope for favoritism, nor do your enemies despair of your justice. Return the oath to the claimant along with evidence, for this is clearer for truth and firmer in judgment. Know that Muslims are trustworthy over one another, except for one who has been punished for a crime and has not repented, one who is known for false testimony, or one who is under suspicion. Beware of irritation and annoyance in the court, which Allah (swt) has made a place of reward and the best form of provision for those who judge with justice. Grant the claimant time to bring witnesses if they are absent. If he produces them, give him his right, and if not, decide the case against him. Beware of executing a judgment involving retaliation, legal punishments, or any right of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, without presenting it to me first. And do not sit in the court until you have eaten something, if Allah (swt) wills."
3243 - وَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لِشُرَيْحٍ : "يَا شُرَيْحُ اُنْظُرْ إِلَى أَهْلِ اَلْمَعْكِ وَ اَلْمَطْلِ وَ اَلاِضْطِهَادِ وَ مَنْ يَدْفَعُ حُقُوقَ اَلنَّاسِ مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلْمَقْدُرَةِ وَ اَلْيَسَارِ وَ مَنْ يُدْلِي بِأَمْوَالِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَى اَلْحُكَّامِ فَخُذْ لِلنَّاسِ بِحُقُوقِهِمْ مِنْهُمْ وَ بِعِ اَلْعَقَارَ وَ اَلدِّيَارَ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ يَقُولُ "مَطْلُ اَلْمُسْلِمِ اَلْمُوسِرِ ظُلْمٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِ " وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ وَ لاَ عَقَارٌ وَ لاَ دَارٌ فَلاَ سَبِيلَ عَلَيْهِ وَ اِعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لاَ يَحْمِلُ اَلنَّاسَ عَلَى اَلْحَقِّ إِلاَّ مَنْ وَزَعَهُمْ عَنِ اَلْبَاطِلِ ثُمَّ وَاسِ بَيْنَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ بِوَجْهِكَ وَ مَنْطِقِكَ وَ مَجْلِسِكَ حَتَّى لاَ يَطْمَعَ قَرِيبُكَ فِي حَيْفِكَ وَ لاَ يَيْأَسَ عَدُوُّكَ مِنْ عَدْلِكَ وَ رُدَّ اَلْيَمِينَ عَلَى اَلْمُدَّعِي مَعَ بَيِّنَةٍ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ أَجْلَى لِلْعَمَى وَ أَثْبَتُ فِي اَلْقَضَاءِ وَ اِعْلَمْ أَنَّ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ عُدُولٌ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ إِلاَّ مَجْلُوداً فِي حَدٍّ لَمْ يَتُبْ مِنْهُ أَوْ مَعْرُوفاً بِشَهَادَةِ اَلزُّورِ أَوْ ظَنِيناً وَ إِيَّاكَ وَ اَلضَّجَرَ وَ اَلتَّأَذِّيَ فِي مَجْلِسِ اَلْقَضَاءِ اَلَّذِي أَوْجَبَ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهِ اَلْأَجْرَ وَ أَحْسَنَ فِيهِ اَلذُّخْرَ لِمَنْ قَضَى بِالْحَقِّ وَ اِجْعَلْ لِمَنِ اِدَّعَى شُهُوداً غُيَّباً أَمَداً بَيْنَهُمْ فَإِنْ أَحْضَرَهُمْ أَخَذْتَ لَهُ بِحَقِّهِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُحْضِرْهُمْ أَوْجَبْتَ عَلَيْهِ اَلْقَضِيَّةَ وَ إِيَّاكَ أَنْ تُنَفِّذَ حُكْماً فِي قِصَاصٍ أَوْ حَدٍّ مِنْ حُدُودِ اَلنَّاسِ أَوْ حَقٍّ مِنْ حُقُوقِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَتَّى تَعْرِضَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيَّ وَ إِيَّاكَ أَنْ تَجْلِسَ فِي مَجْلِسِ اَلْقَضَاءِ حَتَّى تَطْعَمَ شَيْئاً إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى".
Tags Testimony and JudgmentDebt and LoansRights