عتاب

he had heard from a group of the Sheikhs from Medina, “Fifteen years of the rule of Harun Ar-Rashid had passed when God’s friend - Musa ibn Ja’far (s) was martyred. He was poisoned by As-Sindi ibn Shahak upon the orders of Ar-Rashid while imprisoned in the well-known jail called “Dar al-Mosayyab” in Bab al-Kufa in which As-Sidreh is located. The Imam (s) went to the Paradise of the Sublime God and to His Nobleness on Friday of the fifth day of the (Arabic) month of Rajab in the year 183 A.H. (798 A.D.). He was fifty-four years old then. And his tomb is in the western part of Madinatus Salam in a shrine known as the cemetery of the Quraysh .

“Al-Ridha Ali ibn Musa (s) was born in Medina on Thursday the 11th of Rabi’ul Awwal in the year 153 A.H. (769 A.D.) - five years after the death of Imam As-Sadiq (s) He died in Toos in a village called Sanabad in the town of Nawqan. He was buried in Hamid ibn Al-Ta’ee’s house in the same vault in which Harun Al-Rashid was buried. He was buried on the Qibla side of the grave of Harun Ar-Rashid. This occurred on Friday the 21st (or the 20th) of the (Arabic) month of Ramadhan in the year 203 A.H. (817 A.D.). He lived for forty-nine years and six months. He spent twenty-nine years and two months with his noble father Imam Musa ibn Ja’far (s). Then he succeeded his father, and was Imam for a period of twenty years and four months. He became Imam when he was twenty-nine years and two months old. This period of his Divine Leadership coincided with the period of the ruling of Harun Ar-Rashid. After Ar-Rashid, Muhammad known as Al-Amin who was the son of Zobayda ruled for three years and twenty-five days. Al-Amin was then dethroned and his uncle Ibrahim ibn Shaklah was put in power for fourteen days. Then he released Muhammad ibn Zobayda (al-Amin) from prison, and had the people pledge allegiance to him again. He ruled for another year and a half and twenty-three days. Then Abdullah Al-Ma’mun ruled for twenty years and twenty-three days. It was then that he (al-Ma’mun) took a pledge of succession from Ali ibn Musa Al-Ridha (s) without his consent.This he did after threatening him (Imam al-Ridha) with death. He insisted on this over and over. The Imam (s) refused to accept this offer every time, until he finally faced the threat of being killed. Then he said, “O My God! Verily you have admonished me against getting myself killed. Indeed I dislike it but I am forced to accept the succession of Abdullah Al-Ma’mun, else he would kill me. Indeed I dislike it but I am forced to do it, just as Joseph (s) and Daniel (s) were forced to when they each accepted the succession of the tyrant rulers of their time. O My God! There is no pledge for me except Your Pledge, and there is no succession for me except what You may grant to me. Help me succeed in establishing Your Religion, and reviving the tradition of your Prophet Muhammad - may God’s Peace and Blessings be upon him and his Household- since You are my Master and my Helper. How good a Master and Helper!” Then he (s) accepted the succession from Al-Ma’mun withtears and silence on condition that he will not appoint anyone, dismiss anyone, or change any customs or traditions. He accepted to be a counselor on the affairs from a distance. Then Al-Ma’mun had all the people including his personal entourage, and the general public pledge allegiance to Imam Al-Ridha (s). However, whenever one of the nobilities of Imam Al-Ridha (s), his knowledge and good management ability was manifested in front of Al-Ma’mun; Al-Ma’mun became jealous of the Imam (s) - up to the point that he could not bear it anymore. He then tricked Imam Al-Ridha (s) and poisoned him to death to go to the Almighty God’s Heaven and His Nobility.”